{"id":66856,"date":"2021-11-30T11:50:54","date_gmt":"2021-11-30T08:20:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kalleh.soit.ir\/book\/?p=66856"},"modified":"2022-07-26T08:51:32","modified_gmt":"2022-07-26T04:21:32","slug":"%d8%b1%da%98%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88%da%af%d8%a7%d9%86-%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kalleh.soit.ir\/book\/article\/%d8%b1%da%98%db%8c%d9%85-%d9%88%da%af%d8%a7%d9%86-%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0634\u062a \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u060c \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u06af\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a
\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062a\u200c\u0632\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06a9\u062a\u0628\u06cc \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062a\u00ad\u200c\u0632\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u00ad\u067e\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc <\/a>(speciesism) \u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0631\u0648\u0634\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647\u00ad\u200c\u067e\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0648 (\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646) \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627 (\u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u200c\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u200c\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0647\u200c\u00ad\u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u063a\u062f\u063a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u200c\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u063a\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u00ad\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u06af\u0648\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0648\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u062c\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0628\u0632 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645. \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 (vegetarian) \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0631\u0686\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0648\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0645\u00ad\u200c\u0645\u0631\u063a \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u00ad\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0634<\/figure>
\n

\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0645 \u06f4\u06f0 \u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06f5\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u06af\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u00ad\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u061b \u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627!\u00bb \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646<\/a> \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0628\u0632 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0622\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0648 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u00ad\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f4\u06f4 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f6\u06f4 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u00ad\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0644\u0632\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u06cc.\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0633 (Leslie J Cross) \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u00ab\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0647\u0631\u0686\u0646\u062f \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0648 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0634\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0637\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u200c\u00ad\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u00ad\u200c\u0645\u0646\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u00ad\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634 \u0628\u06a9\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u200c\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0648\u062c\u00ad\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0647\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0644\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u063a\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u0622\u0644\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0686\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0622\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u0634\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0645 \u06af\u0648\u0634\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0634\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u0686\u0627\u0634\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648 \u0644\u0630\u062a \u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u06af\u0648\u0634\u062a \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0634\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06f1\u06f9 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u067e \u062e\u0641\u0627\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0637\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0634\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0622\u062a\u0634\u200c\u0633\u0648\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u06af\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062f\u062a\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0642\u062d\u0637\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u0628 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f. \u062c\u0646\u06af\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0622\u0628 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062e \u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0631 \u0622\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645
\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f1\u06f8 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc <\/a>(Materialism)\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u00ad\u00ad\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0634 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc\u060c \u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0647\u00ad\u200c\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0648 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u200c\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0647\u200c\u00ad\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0622\u0628\u060c \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u06a9 \u0648 \u06a9\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u067e\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u062c\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0627\u06a9\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 <\/a>(Ecofeminism)\u060c \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u00ad \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u00ad\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0633\u0628\u0632\u060c \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0634\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0639\u060c \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u062d\u0642 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u067e\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u0631<\/a> (peter singer) \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647\u00ad\u200c\u067e\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0698\u0627\u062f\u067e\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u06cc\u0636 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u00ad\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u200c\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u06a9 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u0631\u0648 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u00ad\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646<\/a> (Edward O. Wilson) \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f- \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u00ad\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0648 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u00ad\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u00ad\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u00ab\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u00bb (Biodiversity) \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u00bb<\/a>\u060c  \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u00ad\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u200c\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634 \u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00ab\u0622\u0634\u067e\u0632\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061b \u062a\u0633\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u062f\u0644\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061b \u062e\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0632 \u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0648\u06cc \u06af\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0650 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u00bb \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u00ab\u06af\u0648\u0634\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u00bb \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0622\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f8\u06f5 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":122,"featured_media":77759,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"rate":{"total":10,"count":2},"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[667,404,2021],"papers":[6870],"class_list":["post-66856","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","tag-diet","tag-vegetarianism","tag-vegan","papers-veganism"],"acf":{"subtitle":"","references":[{"name":"vegansociety","link":"1.\thttps:\/\/www.vegansociety.com\/go-vegan\/definition-veganism"},{"name":"ft","link":"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/73e5f1fc-76ac-48b0-871a-7fa4e8bda69b"},{"name":"mayoclinic","link":"https:\/\/newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org\/discussion\/mayo-clinic-minute-does-eating-red-meat-affect-heart-health\/#:~:text=Red%20meat%20consumption%20has%20long,still%20important%20for%20heart%20health"},{"name":"worldwildlife","link":"https:\/\/www.worldwildlife.org\/pages\/polar-bears-and-climate-change"}],"paper":[6870]},"yoast_head":"\n\u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0634\u062a \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u061f - \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0628\u06a9 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u061f\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kalleh.soit.ir\/book\/article\/\u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645-\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646-\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fa_IR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0634\u062a \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u061f - \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 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